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NAT (Network address translation)

When a network device with a private IP address wants to send information via the Internet, it

must do so using a router that supports NAT. Using this technique, the router can translate a

private IP address into a public IP address without the sending host’s knowledge.

Port forwarding

To access cameras that are located on a private LAN via the Internet, the public IP address of the

router should be used together with the corresponding port number for the network camera/video

encoder on the private network.

Since a web service via HTTP is typically mapped to port 80, what happens then when there are

several network cameras/video encoders using port 80 for HTTP in a private network? Instead of

changing the default HTTP port number for each network video product, a router can be congured

to associate a unique HTTP port number to a particular network video product’s IP address and

default HTTP port. This is a process called port forwarding.

Port forwarding works as follows. Incoming data packets reach the router via the router’s public

(external) IP address and a specic port number. The router is congured to forward any data

coming into a predened port number to a specic device on the private network side of the

router. The router then replaces the sender’s address with its own private (internal) IP address.

To a receiving client, it looks like the packets originated from the router. The reverse happens with

outgoing data packets. The router replaces the private IP address of the source device with the

router’s public IP address before the data is sent out over the Internet.

Figure 9.2a Thanks to port forwarding in the router, network cameras with private IP addresses on a local network

can be accessed over the Internet. In this illustration, the router knows to forward data (request) coming into port

8032 to a network camera with a private IP address of 192.168.10.13 port 80. The network camera can then begin

to send video.

193.24.171.247

Router

Port mapping in the router

External IP address External port Internal IP address Internal port

of router of network device

193.24.171.247 8028 192.168.10.11 80

193.24.171.247 8030 192.168.10.12 80

193.24.171.247 8032 192.168.10.13 80

192.168.10.11

Port 80

192.168.10.12

Port 80

192.168.10.13

Port 80

URL: http://193.24.171.247:8032

HTTP Request

CHAPTER 9 - NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

1 2 ... 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 ... 119 120

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